Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2026
Effects of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load on blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with preexisting diabetes mellitus: findings from a Brazilian cohort study.
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Marvila Karyne, Lacerda Ana Sophia, Silva Letícia, Bittencourt Katherine, Almeida Miriã, Silva Esther, Rodrigues Laísa, Carvalho Ana Luísa, Sousa Ludmilla, da Silva Marcelle, Cardoso Clara, Dos Santos Karina, Belfort Gabriella, Zajdenverg Lenita, Rosado Eliane, Saunders Cláudia
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were associated with blood pressure (BP) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in Brazilian women with previous diabetes mellitus (DM).
METHODS: Prospective cohort study nested within a clinical trial in a public maternity hospital in Brazil (2016-2024). GI and GL were assessed using food frequency questionnaires in the second and third trimesters. Multiple regressions analyzed associations with HDP, systolic BP (SBP), and diastolic BP (DBP).
RESULTS: Among 120 pregnant women, HDP prevalence was 25%. Chronic hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 5.82, 95% CI 1.22-27.84) and glycated hemoglobin (OR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.02-6.83) were predictors of HDP. GI and GL were not directly associated with HDP but were associated with third-trimester BP: GL was associated with SBP (β = 0.17; 95% CI 0.07-0.28) and medium/high GI with DBP (β = 11.39; 95% CI 5.34-17.45). Furthermore, second-trimester GI predicted third-trimester HbA1c (β = 0.038; 95% CI 0.009-0.067). Fiber intake was inversely associated with DBP depending on the GI category (β = 1.61; 95% CI 0.02-3.21). Most participants consumed diets with a medium GI and moderate/high GL.
CONCLUSION: Dietary GI and GL were associated with BP hemodynamics in the third trimester, even without a direct association with HDP diagnosis. The results highlight the importance of early nutritional monitoring in high-risk prenatal care to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with previous DM.
METHODS: Prospective cohort study nested within a clinical trial in a public maternity hospital in Brazil (2016-2024). GI and GL were assessed using food frequency questionnaires in the second and third trimesters. Multiple regressions analyzed associations with HDP, systolic BP (SBP), and diastolic BP (DBP).
RESULTS: Among 120 pregnant women, HDP prevalence was 25%. Chronic hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 5.82, 95% CI 1.22-27.84) and glycated hemoglobin (OR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.02-6.83) were predictors of HDP. GI and GL were not directly associated with HDP but were associated with third-trimester BP: GL was associated with SBP (β = 0.17; 95% CI 0.07-0.28) and medium/high GI with DBP (β = 11.39; 95% CI 5.34-17.45). Furthermore, second-trimester GI predicted third-trimester HbA1c (β = 0.038; 95% CI 0.009-0.067). Fiber intake was inversely associated with DBP depending on the GI category (β = 1.61; 95% CI 0.02-3.21). Most participants consumed diets with a medium GI and moderate/high GL.
CONCLUSION: Dietary GI and GL were associated with BP hemodynamics in the third trimester, even without a direct association with HDP diagnosis. The results highlight the importance of early nutritional monitoring in high-risk prenatal care to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with previous DM.