Maternal factors associated with low-birth-weight deliveries in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria.

BACKGROUND

Low birth weight (LBW) is an essential marker of foetal health that is predictive of mortality in childhood, stunting and adult-onset chronic conditions globally. Approximately 20 million LBW births occur every year globally, with 96.5% of them in developing countries. LBW contributes to 60%-80% of all neonatal deaths globally, and the rates have remained high in developing countries such as Nigeria. Reduction in the incidence of LBW is associated with reduced neonatal mortality and improved life outcomes. Hence, this study sought to evaluate the maternal factors associated with LBW amongst neonates delivered in health facilities in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

METHODOLOGY: A multi-centre cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in eight selected health facilities at different levels of care within Makurdi metropolis. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 202 mothers when they presented in labour in the selected facilities, and data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 23.

RESULTS

Among the 202 mothers, there were 24 LBW deliveries (11.7%). Of these 24 LBW neonates, 75% (18) were term, while 25% (6) were preterm. Factors significantly associated with LBW included: gestational age at birth (p = 0.028), type of gestation (p = 0.004), non-booking for antenatal care (p = 0.040), place of antenatal care (p = 0.028), and hypertension in pregnancy (p = 0.033). Mothers who did not book for Antenatal care (ANC) (aOR= 6.32, 95% CI=1.24 - 32.21) were 6.32 times more likely to have LBW.

CONCLUSION

Lack of antenatal care and hypertension in pregnancy are significant modifiable maternal factors associated with LBW in Makurdi. Hence, education and practice of early and adequate ANC is recommended.