Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries: A Critical Analysis Review.

»: The incidence of brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) in the United States is declining and now occurs in <1 per 1,000 births.

»: The gold standard for predicting the need for early intervention remains serial examination.

»: Early treatment of BPBI with reconstructive surgery requires the ability to perform both interposition nerve grafting and nerve transfers.

»: Given the heterogeneity of lesions, the evidence is largely limited to retrospective comparative studies and case series.