Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous cystitis: Potential catastrophic complication of mid-urethral sling surgery.

To our knowledge we present the first case of bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and emphysematous cystitis (EC) diagnosed, in a diabetic patient with urinary retention, five days after ambulatory robotic hysterectomy and mid-urethral sling (MUS). Her urethral catheter was removed prior to discharge. This report describes a potentially catastrophic event that should have been prevented. Adhering to appropriate voiding trial protocols should continue to be an essential part of the discharge process.