Surface plasmon resonance analysis of antipolysaccharide antibody specificity: responses to meningococcal group C conjugate vaccines and bacteria.

Antibody (Ab) responses to polysaccharides (PS), such as Neisseria meningitidis group C PS (MCPS), are characterized as being thymus independent and are restricted with regard to clonotype and isotype expression. PS conjugated to proteins, e.g., MCPS coupled with tetanus toxoid or the diphtheria toxin derivative CRM197, elicit thymus-dependent responses. The present study developed a surface plasmon resonance approach to evaluate Ab responses to MCPS conjugate vaccines, including either O-acetylated (OAc+) or de-O-acetylated (OAc-) forms of the PS. The results were generally consistent with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and showed that sera from mice immunized with conjugate vaccines contain Abs that bind more effectively to OAc+ and OAc- MCPS than sera from mice immunized with fixed bacteria. The data suggest a critical shared or overlapping epitope recognized by all the conjugate vaccine immune sera and strategies for assessing polyclonal Ab avidity.