Effects of intravesical cocktail instillation on outcomes and serum pain factors of patients with bladder pain syndrome.

AIMS: We aimed to assess the effects of intravesical cocktail instillation on the outcomes and serum pain factors of patients with bladder pain syndrome (BPS).

METHODS

The clinical data of 86 female BPS patients hospitalized between March 2017 and March 2024 were collected for retrospective analysis. All patients were treated with oral medication (amitriptyline) + local intravesical instillation of drugs, and then assigned to a control group (sodium hyaluronate intravesical instillation) and a research group [intravesical instillation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + chondroitin sulfate (CS) + low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) cocktail].

RESULTS

The research group (n=43) had lower urination frequency in 24 h, Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Patient Symptom Scale score, and O'Leary-Sant interstitial cystitis symptom index and interstitial cystitis problem index, as well as larger single urination volume than those of the control group (n=43) after 3 and 6 months of treatment (P<0.05). In the serum, the levels of substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), neuropeptide Y (NPY), β-endorphin (β-EP), and dopamine (DA) declined in the two groups after 1 month of treatment in comparison to the pre-treatment levels. The levels of SP, 5-HT, PGE2, and NPY were lower, while the levels of β-EP and DA were higher in the research group than those in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

The intravesical instillation of DMSO + CS + LMWH cocktail is superior in long-term outcomes. It is more conducive to improving the levels of serum pain factors, with a good safety profile and without increasing adverse reactions.