Fetal sacrococcygeal immature teratoma: a case report and a literature review.

Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare congenital extragonadal germ cell tumor, which generally carries a favorable prognosis following complete surgical resection of the tumor and coccyx. However, cases of neonatal SCT resulting in mortality are relatively uncommon and often associated with diverse etiological factors. In this report, a female fetus was delivered via lower uterine segment cesarean section. A large mass measuring 13 × 11 × 8 cm was identified in the sacrococcygeal region. The mass exhibited incomplete capsular coverage and was accompanied by hemorrhage. Histopathological biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of immature SCT. Due to severe and uncontrollable bleeding, emergency hemostatic interventions were implemented. Nevertheless, the newborn succumbed on the fifth day of life due to irreversible heart failure and respiratory dysfunction. We conducted a systematic review and analysis of relevant literature to explore various potential factors contributing to mortality in similar SCT cases. This study aims to raise awareness among pediatricians regarding fatal SCT cases and provide references for reducing the risk of mortality associated with this condition.