Complications of twin pregnancy by assisted reproductive techniques compared with spontaneous.

INTRODUCTION

Twin pregnancy through assisted reproduction techniques is increasing, as are the associated complications.

OBJECTIVE

Compare maternal and perinatal complications associated with spontaneous twin pregnancy and through assisted reproduction techniques (ART).

MATERIAL AND

METHODS

Retrospective comparative and controlled study. It included 208 patients treated at the UMAE HGO 4 of the IMSS, divided into two groups according to the method of conception (spontaneous vs ART), comparing maternal and perinatal complications. Quantitative variables were compared with the student's T or Mann Whitney U test and qualitative variables with the chi-square test. The probability ratio was calculated with a 95 % confidence interval, with statistical significance p < 0.05.

RESULTS

208 patients with twin pregnancies were included; 104 (50%) conceived spontaneously and 104 (50%) by assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Maternal complications were higher in the ART group: preterm delivery (84.6 vs 60.5%), hypertensive disease (43.2 vs 19.2%), gestational diabetes (38.1 vs 24.8%), and obstetric hemorrhage (41.9 vs 25.7%). Prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome were significantly higher in the ART group.

CONCLUSIONS

Twin pregnancy due to ART increases the risk of maternal and perinatal complications, which forces us to improve prenatal control with a risk approach.