Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
Emerging reservoirs of metallo-β-lactamase genes among non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas and Stutzerimonas species in a Spanish tertiary hospital.
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Puigsech-Boixeda Guillem, Moreno-Mingorance Albert, Del Barrio-Tofiño Ester, Rodríguez-Garrido Virginia, Mir-Cros Alba, Roca-Grande Josep, Nuvials Xavier, Rodríguez-Pardo Dolors, Gayubas Agustín, Aneas Sílvia, Albasanz-Puig Adaia, Hoyos-Mallecot Yannick, Trejo-Zahinos Jesús, Lung Mayli, Salmerón Paula, Martín-Gómez M Teresa, Romero-Herrero Daniel, Viñado Belén, Larrosa M Nieves, González-López Juan José
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Pseudomonas is one of the largest genera among Gram-negative bacteria, currently comprising nearly 400 valid species. Among them, non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas species, together with Stutzerimonas-a genus recently separated from Pseudomonas-are becoming important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes. However, accurate species-level identification of these organisms remains challenging when relying on the methods routinely implemented in most clinical microbiology laboratories, such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize metallo-β-lactamase-producing non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas spp. and Stutzerimonas spp. isolates obtained in a Spanish tertiary hospital, focusing on their species-level identification, dissemination and role as reservoirs of carbapenemase-encoding genes.
METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were used to identify and characterize a total of 22 carbapenemase-producing non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas and Stutzerimonas isolates collected from patient and environmental samples from March 2022 to July 2024 in a Spanish tertiary hospital.
RESULTS: WGS analysis identified eight species: Pseudomonas alloputida (n = 7), Pseudomonas mosselii (n = 5), Pseudomonas kurunegalensis (n = 4), Pseudomonas asiatica (n = 2), Pseudomonas oleovorans (n = 1), Pseudomonas soli (n = 1), Stutzerimonas chloritidismutans (n = 1) and Stutzerimonas stutzeri (n = 1). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) classified isolates of the P. putida group into nine STs, revealing three predominant clones: P. alloputida ST69, P. mosselii ST115 and P. kurunegalensis ST114. AST results showed resistance rates >55% to all tested β-lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, except for cefiderocol, amikacin and colistin (0-5%). The following carbapenemase combinations were detected: bla VIM-1 (n = 16), bla VIM-1+bla VIM-2 (n = 4), bla VIM-1+bla NDM-1 (n = 1) and bla VIM-11 (n = 1). Seven distinct bla VIM-harboring plasmids were detected in 16 isolates, whereas the remaining six carried chromosomally-integrated bla VIM. Eight different bla VIM-harboring class I integrons were detected, two of which also occurred in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates obtained in the same hospital.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the epidemiological relevance of non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas and Stutzerimonas species as reservoirs of metallo-β-lactamase genes encoded in mobile genetic elements. These findings reinforce the need for systematic WGS-based surveillance of both clinical and environmental isolates, enabling the detection of hidden transmission networks and interspecies dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants.
METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were used to identify and characterize a total of 22 carbapenemase-producing non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas and Stutzerimonas isolates collected from patient and environmental samples from March 2022 to July 2024 in a Spanish tertiary hospital.
RESULTS: WGS analysis identified eight species: Pseudomonas alloputida (n = 7), Pseudomonas mosselii (n = 5), Pseudomonas kurunegalensis (n = 4), Pseudomonas asiatica (n = 2), Pseudomonas oleovorans (n = 1), Pseudomonas soli (n = 1), Stutzerimonas chloritidismutans (n = 1) and Stutzerimonas stutzeri (n = 1). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) classified isolates of the P. putida group into nine STs, revealing three predominant clones: P. alloputida ST69, P. mosselii ST115 and P. kurunegalensis ST114. AST results showed resistance rates >55% to all tested β-lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, except for cefiderocol, amikacin and colistin (0-5%). The following carbapenemase combinations were detected: bla VIM-1 (n = 16), bla VIM-1+bla VIM-2 (n = 4), bla VIM-1+bla NDM-1 (n = 1) and bla VIM-11 (n = 1). Seven distinct bla VIM-harboring plasmids were detected in 16 isolates, whereas the remaining six carried chromosomally-integrated bla VIM. Eight different bla VIM-harboring class I integrons were detected, two of which also occurred in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates obtained in the same hospital.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the epidemiological relevance of non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas and Stutzerimonas species as reservoirs of metallo-β-lactamase genes encoded in mobile genetic elements. These findings reinforce the need for systematic WGS-based surveillance of both clinical and environmental isolates, enabling the detection of hidden transmission networks and interspecies dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants.