The impact of 1-hour plasma glucose on the metabolic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND

To investigate the impact of 1-hour plasma glucose (1 h-PG) on the metabolic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

METHODS

This multicenter study analyzed 970 PCOS patients (2019-2025), including 289 undergoing assisted reproductive technology (198 successful deliveries). Participants were stratified by glucose tolerance: Group 1 (normal: fasting PG [FPG] ≤ 6.1, 1 h-PG < 8.6, 2-hour PG [2 h-PG] <7.8 mmol/L); Group 2 (isolated 1 h-prediabetes: 8.6 ≤ 1 h-PG < 11.6, FPG ≤ 6.1, 2 h-PG < 7.8 mmol/L); Group 3 (traditional 2 h-prediabetes: 7.8 ≤ 2 h-PG ≤ 11.1, FPG ≤ 6.1 mmol/L). Data included anthropometrics, metabolic biomarkers, sex hormones, and pregnancy outcomes were compared across three groups.

RESULTS

PCOS with isolated 1 h-prediabetes (Group 2) had a more unfavorable metabolic profile with regard to metabolic traits, but were not significantly different from those of the traditional 2 h-prediabetes (Group 3). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and hyperuricemia in PCOS with Group 2 were 1.451 (1.013-2.079, P = 0.042), 1.706 (1.188-2.450, P = 0.004), 2.957 (1.755-4.981, P < 0.001), 1.890 (1.327-2.692, P < 0.001), respectively. For pregnancy outcomes, PCOS in Group 2 were more likely to progress to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than those of Group 1, which was similarly observed in Group 3. The adjusted OR for GDM in the Group 2 was 4.065 (1.530-10.800, P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrated that similar to 2 h-PG, elevated 1 h-PG was associated with different metabolic disorders and GDM. Therefore, 1 h-PG may serve as an additional marker of adverse metabolic status in women with PCOS.