Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Oenothera laciniata: Antioxidant, Anti-Hyperglycemic and Histopathological Activities Using In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches.

This study investigate the crude ethanolic extract of Oenothera laciniata (EOL) and its solvent fractions n-hexane (NHOL), dichloromethane (DCMOL), ethyl acetate (EAOL), and aqueous (AQOL) for their phytochemical composition and antidiabetic potential through in vitro and in vivo analyses. GC-MS profiling revealed that the DCMOL fraction contained 8 compounds while the EAOL and NHOL fractions contained 19 and 20 compounds, respectively. Antioxidant evaluation using DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 assays demonstrated that DCMOL exhibited the strongest free radical scavenging activity with the lowest IC50 values across all assays. Enzyme inhibition studies demonstrated that DCMOL, EAOL, and NHOL possessed significant α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, comparable to acarbose. In vivo studies confirmed that DCMOL significantly reduced blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance without inducing hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effects. Histopathological analysis revealed partial restoration of pancreatic, hepatic, and renal architecture, particularly in the DCMOL and EAOL treated groups. O. laciniata, especially its DCMOL and EAOL fractions, exhibited strong antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antidiabetic activities, highlighting its potential as a natural multi-target therapeutic candidate for diabetes management.