Determinants of growth parameters at 12-month corrected age among very preterm infants in China: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND

Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity, with very preterm infants (VPI) being particularly vulnerable to poor physical growth and developmental challenges. This study aimed to investigate the trends and factors influencing physical growth in VPI within the first 12 months of corrected age (CA).

METHODS

A cohort study was conducted on 223 VPI admitted between November 2020 and July 2022 at a tertiary maternity and neonatal hospital in Shanghai, China. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for weight, length, and head circumference growth outcomes within 12 months CA.

RESULTS

The results showed that maternal postnatal depression (p < 0.05), the presence of clinical hypothyroidism, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia in mothers and VPI with congenital heart diseases were risk factors for physical growth. Girls with greater gestational age and birth weight, a higher 1-minute Apgar score, and exclusive breastfeeding have better physical growth outcomes.

CONCLUSION

Targeted interventions addressing maternal mental health, pregnancy complications, and infant-specific risk factors are warranted to promote physical growth in VPI.