Analytica chimica acta · 2026
Conventional and inverted SERS configurations in pathogen diagnostics on the basis of plasmonic gold nanostars ink.
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Afonyushkina Evgenia Yu, Kapitanova Olesya O, Zavidovskiy Ilya A, Belozerova Nadezhda M, Yu Yixin, Evdokimov Pavel V, Batchaeva Bela B, Syuy Alexander V, Arsenin Aleksey V, Volkov Valentyn S, Novikov Sergey M, Veselova Irina A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Conventional surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) methodologies typically depend on prefabricated substrates, which can constrain their utility for rapid, in-situ diagnostics. While nano-inks offer a route toward flexible sensing, their application typically still follows a direct, substrate-based paradigm. Trends toward the miniaturization of Raman spectroscopy and on-site diagnostics necessitate a fundamental rethinking of sensor design, prioritizing minimal sample preparation and direct analysis.
RESULTS: Gold nanostar (AuNSs)-based plasmonic ink is presented as a versatile platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based detection of pyocyanin - a key virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two SERS configurations are explored: a conventional paper-based sensor, used to establish the analytical performance of the AuNSs ink (LOD 15 nM in saliva), and an inverted approach, where the ink is deposited directly onto a medical cotton swab pre-loaded with the sample. The inverted configuration, coupled with a portable Raman spectrometer (785 nm), enables direct, substrate-free detection of pyocyanin with a clinically relevant LOD of 5 μM and requires minimal sample pretreatment. Spike-and-recovery experiments in saliva yielded recoveries of 96-105% (sr ≤ 0.10), confirming the accuracy of the method. The inverted SERS approach on cotton swabs thus offers a practical, rapid, and simple route for point-of-care screening of P. aeruginosa infections, circumventing the need for prefabricated sensors or laboratory equipment.
SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY: By transforming the standard clinical swab into an active SERS substrate, the inverted approach provides a practical, substrate-free, and equipment-light platform for direct pathogen screening at the patient's bedside. This strategy addresses key barriers to SERS implementation - reliance on prefabricated sensors, complex sample handling, and bulky instrumentation - offering a realistic and scalable solution for non-invasive screening. This approach is particularly significant for the analysis of potentially bio-contaminated surfaces, such as medical instruments or hospital environments, where direct contact with the analyte is hazardous or undesirable.
RESULTS: Gold nanostar (AuNSs)-based plasmonic ink is presented as a versatile platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based detection of pyocyanin - a key virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two SERS configurations are explored: a conventional paper-based sensor, used to establish the analytical performance of the AuNSs ink (LOD 15 nM in saliva), and an inverted approach, where the ink is deposited directly onto a medical cotton swab pre-loaded with the sample. The inverted configuration, coupled with a portable Raman spectrometer (785 nm), enables direct, substrate-free detection of pyocyanin with a clinically relevant LOD of 5 μM and requires minimal sample pretreatment. Spike-and-recovery experiments in saliva yielded recoveries of 96-105% (sr ≤ 0.10), confirming the accuracy of the method. The inverted SERS approach on cotton swabs thus offers a practical, rapid, and simple route for point-of-care screening of P. aeruginosa infections, circumventing the need for prefabricated sensors or laboratory equipment.
SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY: By transforming the standard clinical swab into an active SERS substrate, the inverted approach provides a practical, substrate-free, and equipment-light platform for direct pathogen screening at the patient's bedside. This strategy addresses key barriers to SERS implementation - reliance on prefabricated sensors, complex sample handling, and bulky instrumentation - offering a realistic and scalable solution for non-invasive screening. This approach is particularly significant for the analysis of potentially bio-contaminated surfaces, such as medical instruments or hospital environments, where direct contact with the analyte is hazardous or undesirable.