Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
Clinical emergence of a novel sequence type (ST3672) NDM-1-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in foodborne disease.
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Ni Chengpei, Wang Jiancheng, Yang Chao, Gao Song, Xu Ze, Wang Yajing, Peng Honghong, Cao Wengting, Han Yi
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: This study characterized a newly identified ST3672-type Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) strain (VP1434), isolated directly from a patient involved in a food poisoning outbreak, highlighting its rare multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. The objectives were to investigate its resistance mechanisms, elucidate its evolutionary relationships, and assess its pathogenicity.
METHODS: The VP1434 isolate was analyzed as follows: (1) Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested against 29 antibiotics, and plasmid conjugation experiments verified drug resistance in recipient strains post-transfer. (2) Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize its genomic features, including plasmid sequences and inter-plasmid relationships. (3) Evolutionary tracing of VP1434 and the plasmid pVP1434-NDM was performed by constructing phylogenetic trees. (4) Virulence factors (VFs) were identified via the Virulence Factor Database, and pathogenicity was assessed through mouse infection.
RESULTS: The strain demonstrated a concerning MDR profile, exhibiting resistance to all tested β-lactam antibiotics. Additionally, it displayed resistance to sulfonamides and aminoglycosides, with intermediate susceptibility to tetracyclines. Plasmid conjugation experiments showed the bla NDM-1-harboring plasmid was transferable to VP0577, and transconjugants also showed MDR. Whole-genome sequencing identified a bla NDM-1-carrying plasmid harboring multiple resistance genes, which fully explaining its phenotypic resistance to at least four classes of antibiotics. Phylogenetic analysis placed VP1434 on a distinct branch within the maximum-likelihood tree constructed from global V. parahaemolyticus isolates, while the closest relative of the blaNDM-1 -harboring plasmid was identified in a shrimp-derived V. parahaemolyticus strain. VP1434 was found to harbor 185 VFs, including tlh and trh, but lacked the key pathogenicity determinant tdh. In mouse infection experiments, strain VP1434 (tdh-/trh+ ) exhibited significantly higher lethality than environmental isolates (tdh-/trh- ), suggesting TRH plays a significant role in pathogenicity even in the absence of TDH.
CONCLUSION: This first report of bla NDM-1-positive clinical V. parahaemolyticus reveals plasmid-mediated MDR emergence in human infections. Its unexpected virulence without classical toxins indicates evolutionary adaptation, necessitating diagnostic updates and strengthened surveillance.
METHODS: The VP1434 isolate was analyzed as follows: (1) Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested against 29 antibiotics, and plasmid conjugation experiments verified drug resistance in recipient strains post-transfer. (2) Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize its genomic features, including plasmid sequences and inter-plasmid relationships. (3) Evolutionary tracing of VP1434 and the plasmid pVP1434-NDM was performed by constructing phylogenetic trees. (4) Virulence factors (VFs) were identified via the Virulence Factor Database, and pathogenicity was assessed through mouse infection.
RESULTS: The strain demonstrated a concerning MDR profile, exhibiting resistance to all tested β-lactam antibiotics. Additionally, it displayed resistance to sulfonamides and aminoglycosides, with intermediate susceptibility to tetracyclines. Plasmid conjugation experiments showed the bla NDM-1-harboring plasmid was transferable to VP0577, and transconjugants also showed MDR. Whole-genome sequencing identified a bla NDM-1-carrying plasmid harboring multiple resistance genes, which fully explaining its phenotypic resistance to at least four classes of antibiotics. Phylogenetic analysis placed VP1434 on a distinct branch within the maximum-likelihood tree constructed from global V. parahaemolyticus isolates, while the closest relative of the blaNDM-1 -harboring plasmid was identified in a shrimp-derived V. parahaemolyticus strain. VP1434 was found to harbor 185 VFs, including tlh and trh, but lacked the key pathogenicity determinant tdh. In mouse infection experiments, strain VP1434 (tdh-/trh+ ) exhibited significantly higher lethality than environmental isolates (tdh-/trh- ), suggesting TRH plays a significant role in pathogenicity even in the absence of TDH.
CONCLUSION: This first report of bla NDM-1-positive clinical V. parahaemolyticus reveals plasmid-mediated MDR emergence in human infections. Its unexpected virulence without classical toxins indicates evolutionary adaptation, necessitating diagnostic updates and strengthened surveillance.