Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026
Prenatal fluoride exposure and child IQ: Is tea a key source of fluoride?
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Khan Durdana, Hall Meaghan, Ayoub Keira, Hornung Richard, Flora David, Lanphear Bruce, Till Christine
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Tea consumption can substantially contribute to fluoride intake. We examined the association between child intelligence and prenatal fluoride exposure from mother's tea consumption.
METHODS: Participants included 485 mother-child pairs from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals cohort. Maternal consumption of tea, coffee, and water during pregnancy was assessed via self-report. We estimated fluoride intake from tea (mg/day) by combining fluoride content from tea with each 200 mL cup of tap water. We assessed child full-scale IQ (FSIQ) at 3 to 4 years of age. We used multiple linear regression models to examine associations between maternal fluoride intake (from tea and from all beverages) and child FSIQ, adjusting for relevant covariates.
RESULTS: Most participants (61%) reported consuming either green or black tea during pregnancy, with daily consumption reported by 2.3% and 8.4%, respectively. Women who consumed tea during pregnancy had higher mean total fluoride intake levels (0.76 mg/day) than those who did not (0.41 mg/day). Each 0.5 mg/day increase in fluoride intake was associated with a 2.24-point decrease in FSIQ (95%CI: -3.93,-0.55) when estimated from tea alone and a 1.67-point decrease (95%CI: -3.10,-0.24) when estimated from all beverages combined. The association between total fluoride intake and child IQ did not differ between tea consumers and non-tea consumers (p-interaction = 0.58).
CONCLUSIONS: Maternal fluoride exposure from tea consumption is associated with reduced child FSIQ independent of other beverages. As tea can be a major source of exposure, pregnant women may consider limiting intake. Clearer labeling of fluoride content could support informed choices.
METHODS: Participants included 485 mother-child pairs from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals cohort. Maternal consumption of tea, coffee, and water during pregnancy was assessed via self-report. We estimated fluoride intake from tea (mg/day) by combining fluoride content from tea with each 200 mL cup of tap water. We assessed child full-scale IQ (FSIQ) at 3 to 4 years of age. We used multiple linear regression models to examine associations between maternal fluoride intake (from tea and from all beverages) and child FSIQ, adjusting for relevant covariates.
RESULTS: Most participants (61%) reported consuming either green or black tea during pregnancy, with daily consumption reported by 2.3% and 8.4%, respectively. Women who consumed tea during pregnancy had higher mean total fluoride intake levels (0.76 mg/day) than those who did not (0.41 mg/day). Each 0.5 mg/day increase in fluoride intake was associated with a 2.24-point decrease in FSIQ (95%CI: -3.93,-0.55) when estimated from tea alone and a 1.67-point decrease (95%CI: -3.10,-0.24) when estimated from all beverages combined. The association between total fluoride intake and child IQ did not differ between tea consumers and non-tea consumers (p-interaction = 0.58).
CONCLUSIONS: Maternal fluoride exposure from tea consumption is associated with reduced child FSIQ independent of other beverages. As tea can be a major source of exposure, pregnant women may consider limiting intake. Clearer labeling of fluoride content could support informed choices.