ACOG educational bulletin. Management of isoimmunization in pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Isoimmunization is diagnosed by a positive antibody screen and requires identification of the specific antigen responsible, classification of the antigen into either a clinically significant or a benign group, and titration of the level of antibody response. The paternal antigen status and zygosity should be determined whenever possible. Repetitive amniocentesis or fetal blood sampling may be required to monitor the fetal condition adequately. Early and continued consultation with experts in the management of this condition is key to developing an appropriate therapeutic plan that includes proper management at delivery and optimal neonatal support. New technologies and expertise now allow better outcome for severely affected fetuses.