Analytica chimica acta · 2026
PdCu nanoalloys decorated SnO2 nanoflowers for ultra-highly sensitive and selective H2S gas sensors: Mechanism study and application to detection of fish freshness.
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Zhao Zhihua, Wang Bingbing, Zhang Zhiyi, Zhang Tao, Chen Chen
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a key metabolite in the spoilage process of protein foods, and its concentration changes can directly reflect the freshness of food, thus it's very necessary to develop advanced H2S gas sensor to monitor the food spoilage. Currently, the development of high-performance H2S sensors still faces challenges such as insufficient sensitivity, suboptimal selectivity, and relatively high detection limits. The design of sensing materials that combine high response, fast recovery, and practical applicability is essential for achieving accurate and reliable gas monitoring.
RESULTS: This study proposes a novel PdCu nanoalloy-modified SnO2 gas sensor. Icosahedral PdCu nanoalloys synthesized via a solvothermal method were uniformly loaded onto nanoflower-like SnO2 through an impregnation process. Gas-sensing tests demonstrated that the 0.6 wt% PdCu-SnO2 sensor exhibited an exceptional response value (Ra/Rg) of 8662.2 toward 50 ppm H2S at 220 °C, representing an approximately 487-fold enhancement compared to pristine SnO2 (Ra/Rg = 17.8). The sensor also showed a low detection limit of 20 ppb, outstanding reproducibility, selectivity and stability, and rapid response/recovery times (32 s/92 s). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and DRIFTs further revealed the sensing mechanism, especially the strong adsorption behavior of the PdCu-SnO2 composite toward H2S molecules, providing mechanistic insight into its high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the successful application of the sensor in assessing fish freshness verified its effectiveness and potential in real-world scenarios.
SIGNIFICANCE: This work reports the first construction of a PdCu nanoalloy-functionalized SnO2 nanocomposite for H2S detection, achieving remarkable improvements in response magnitude, detection limit, and response speed. The demonstrated applicability of the sensor in food freshness monitoring offers a new material strategy and experimental foundation for developing next-generation high-performance and practical gas sensing devices, with clear prospects in the fields of food safety and healthcare.
RESULTS: This study proposes a novel PdCu nanoalloy-modified SnO2 gas sensor. Icosahedral PdCu nanoalloys synthesized via a solvothermal method were uniformly loaded onto nanoflower-like SnO2 through an impregnation process. Gas-sensing tests demonstrated that the 0.6 wt% PdCu-SnO2 sensor exhibited an exceptional response value (Ra/Rg) of 8662.2 toward 50 ppm H2S at 220 °C, representing an approximately 487-fold enhancement compared to pristine SnO2 (Ra/Rg = 17.8). The sensor also showed a low detection limit of 20 ppb, outstanding reproducibility, selectivity and stability, and rapid response/recovery times (32 s/92 s). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and DRIFTs further revealed the sensing mechanism, especially the strong adsorption behavior of the PdCu-SnO2 composite toward H2S molecules, providing mechanistic insight into its high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the successful application of the sensor in assessing fish freshness verified its effectiveness and potential in real-world scenarios.
SIGNIFICANCE: This work reports the first construction of a PdCu nanoalloy-functionalized SnO2 nanocomposite for H2S detection, achieving remarkable improvements in response magnitude, detection limit, and response speed. The demonstrated applicability of the sensor in food freshness monitoring offers a new material strategy and experimental foundation for developing next-generation high-performance and practical gas sensing devices, with clear prospects in the fields of food safety and healthcare.