A decade of progress in transition metal-catalyzed sulfoxide reductions.

The deoxygenation of sulfoxides to sulfides is a fundamental reaction in organic synthesis, widely used in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and natural product chemistry. Traditional methods require stoichiometric reagents under harsh conditions, but transition metal catalysis now allows milder, more selective, and environmentally friendly deoxygenation. This review highlights recent advances in catalytic systems based on Mo, Ir, Mn, Co, and other metals, focusing on their mechanisms, substrate scopes, and sustainable design. Innovations in recyclable catalysts, green solvents, earth-abundant metals are also discussed, emphasizing how modern approaches enhance both efficiency and environmental compatibility.