Patterns of Brain Injury and Clinical Outcomes Related to Trauma from Collisions Involving Motor Vehicles.

Background: Despite improvements in technology and safety measures, injuries from collisions involving motor vehicles (CIMVs) continue to be prevalent. Therefore, our goal is to investigate the different patterns of head injuries associated with CIMVs. Method: This is a single-center, retrospective study of patients with motor vehicle-related trauma between 1 January 2016-31 December 2023. Patients were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) injury codes and the Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) for body region involvement. Result: 536 patients met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the injured population includes pedestrians (46.8%), followed by motorcycle drivers (25.2%), bicyclists (18.7%), and motor vehicle drivers (9.3%). The male-to-female ratios for bicyclists and motorcyclists were 13.7:1 and 11.9:1, respectively, which is higher compared with motor vehicle occupants and pedestrians, with ratios of 2.3:1 and 1.5:1. Patients with blunt trauma (99.63%) were higher than penetrating trauma (0.37%). In most cases, the head had the highest AIS score, with a mean of 3.7. Additionally, the median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 20. Skull fractures were the most prevalent, followed by hemorrhages, lacerations, contusions, and abrasions. Conclusions: The most prevalent injuries were head injuries and fractures. Fractures were the most common, followed by hemorrhage, laceration, contusion, and abrasion. These findings underscore the high incidence of TBI and fractures in such CIMVs, highlighting the need for targeted trauma interventions and the need for injury prevention strategies to mitigate these severe outcomes.