Evaluating scrotal masses.

Scrotal complaints can be challenging to diagnose because of overlapping signs and symptoms among various presentations. Failure to properly identify and manage testicular malfunctions such as testicular torsion, testicular cancer, varicocele, and hydrocele may lead to patient infertility, testicle loss, or death. This article describes proper assessment of scrotal masses, recognition of potentially life-threatening testicular conditions, and appropriate diagnostic evaluations for each pathology.