Journal of endodontics · 2026
Application of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography to Quantify Formaldehyde Release From the Chemical Interaction of Sodium Hypochlorite and EDTA.
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Ioannidis Konstantinos, Katmerou Irene, Nikolaidis Alexandros, Kolokouris Ioannis, Koulaouzidou Elisabeth
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine, in vitro, the formation of formaldehyde with the aid of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), following the interaction of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2% w/v and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17% w/v, NaOCl 2% w/v + etidronic acid (Dual Rinse), and a premixed solution containing NaOCl and EDTA (Labarak).
METHODS: NaOCl and EDTA solutions were mixed at different irrigant volume ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 2:1v/v). Dual Rinse was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Labarak did not require any further handling preparations. The aliquots (n = 5 per group) were ultrasonically agitated and mixed with dinitrophenylhydrazine, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). The reaction product was extracted, dried, and dissolved in methanol (CH3OH). The final product was filtered and transferred for HPLC analysis. Formaldehyde concentration (ppm) was measured according to the developed calibration curve. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis test for independent samples (SPSS; IBM, USA). The level of statistical significance was set at P < .05.
RESULTS: The interaction of NaOCl and EDTA resulted in abundant formaldehyde release (>20ppm). Different irrigant volume ratios did not result in significant differences in the measurable concentrations of formaldehyde (P > .05). Labarak contained formaldehyde, which was not detected in Dual Rinse.
CONCLUSIONS: HPLC is an appropriate analytical method for detecting formaldehyde after the chemical interaction of NaOCl and EDTA. The interaction between NaOCl and HEDP did not result in the release of formaldehyde. Further research is required to justify patient exposure rates and potential occupational health hazards in clinical settings.
METHODS: NaOCl and EDTA solutions were mixed at different irrigant volume ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 2:1v/v). Dual Rinse was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Labarak did not require any further handling preparations. The aliquots (n = 5 per group) were ultrasonically agitated and mixed with dinitrophenylhydrazine, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). The reaction product was extracted, dried, and dissolved in methanol (CH3OH). The final product was filtered and transferred for HPLC analysis. Formaldehyde concentration (ppm) was measured according to the developed calibration curve. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis test for independent samples (SPSS; IBM, USA). The level of statistical significance was set at P < .05.
RESULTS: The interaction of NaOCl and EDTA resulted in abundant formaldehyde release (>20ppm). Different irrigant volume ratios did not result in significant differences in the measurable concentrations of formaldehyde (P > .05). Labarak contained formaldehyde, which was not detected in Dual Rinse.
CONCLUSIONS: HPLC is an appropriate analytical method for detecting formaldehyde after the chemical interaction of NaOCl and EDTA. The interaction between NaOCl and HEDP did not result in the release of formaldehyde. Further research is required to justify patient exposure rates and potential occupational health hazards in clinical settings.