Lung injury associated with electronic cigarette use or vaping: A narrative review.

EVALI is a rapidly developing toxic inhalation syndrome that has been linked to electronic cigarettes. It is characterized by a wide variety of radiological and histological patterns, with diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome being the most severe forms. This condition mainly affects young people and typically has a nonspecific clinical presentation. The diagnosis is one of exclusion, making it essential to thoroughly investigate into the medical history in order to perform a broad differential diagnosis that allows other causes to be ruled out. Treatment is based on supportive measures. Corticosteroids may be beneficial, although there is no standardized protocol and their use is highly heterogeneous. The lack of evidence on the long-term effects of vaping highlights the need for longitudinal studies and preventive strategies aimed at reducing its consumption.