Spectrophotometric determination of butylparaben in cosmetics using dispersive solid-phase microextraction with newly synthesized PHBpeg-CdS-1.

A simple, rapid, and green dispersive solid-phase microextraction method using a newly synthesized PHBpeg-CdS-1 adsorbent coupled with UV-Vis spectrophotometry was developed for determination of butylparaben in cosmetic and personal care products. Current analytical methods for BuP determination mainly rely on chromatographic techniques, which, although sensitive, often require complex instrumentation and extensive sample preparation. Experimental parameters, including solution pH, adsorbent type and amount, extraction time, desorption solvent, and desorption conditions were systematically optimized. Under optimum conditions, the method showed a linear range of 20-850 ng mL-1, with a detection limit of 6.2 ng mL-1 and a relative standard deviation of 2.5%. The method was successfully applied to various cosmetic samples, where BuP was detected in several products at concentrations ranging from 2.8 to 15.2 mg kg-1, while it was not detected in others. Recovery values ranged between 90 and 98%. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by a reference method. The greenness and applicability of the method were evaluated using AGREE and BAGI tools, confirming that the proposed method is a reliable and sustainable alternative for routine analysis.