Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2026
A Biophysical Model for Simultaneous Cochlear and Vestibular Nerve Stimulation: Insights into Neural Activation and Crosstalk in Inner Ear Implants.
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Vey Björn, Handler Michael, Glueckert Rudolf, Saba Rami, Garnham Carolyn, Baumgarten Daniel
Аннотация
PURPOSE: Simultaneous hearing and balance restoration through combined cochlear-vestibular implants (CVIs) offers a promising treatment for patients with dual sensory deficits. However, the effects of electrical stimulation on neighboring neural structures in the inner ear remain poorly understood.
METHODS: In this study, we present a detailed computational model of the human inner ear that simulates electrical stimulation of cochlear and vestibular nerves under clinically relevant conditions. The model integrates high-resolution micro-CT-based geometry, anisotropic tissue conductivities, and myelinated fiber models to predict neural activation patterns across a wide range of clinically relevant stimulation parameters.
RESULTS: Simulation results suggest that vestibular stimulation at clinically relevant amplitudes can influence cochlear nerve activation thresholds, particularly in basal cochlear regions. Conversely, cochlear stimulation had a comparatively weaker effect on vestibular activation. Interleaved stimulation with short interstimulus intervals (smaller 100 μ s) resulted in increased excitability in the non-targeted nerve population, suggesting the potential for undesired cross-talk effects. Pulse waveform characteristics, including phase duration and symmetry, further modulated the degree of crosstalk observed.
CONCLUSION: This model allows for comprehensive evaluation of scenarios that cannot be tested in humans due to ethical, practical, or technical limitations. As a result, it provides a valuable tool for exploring new combined simulation scenarios and may aid the development of newly designed implants.
METHODS: In this study, we present a detailed computational model of the human inner ear that simulates electrical stimulation of cochlear and vestibular nerves under clinically relevant conditions. The model integrates high-resolution micro-CT-based geometry, anisotropic tissue conductivities, and myelinated fiber models to predict neural activation patterns across a wide range of clinically relevant stimulation parameters.
RESULTS: Simulation results suggest that vestibular stimulation at clinically relevant amplitudes can influence cochlear nerve activation thresholds, particularly in basal cochlear regions. Conversely, cochlear stimulation had a comparatively weaker effect on vestibular activation. Interleaved stimulation with short interstimulus intervals (smaller 100 μ s) resulted in increased excitability in the non-targeted nerve population, suggesting the potential for undesired cross-talk effects. Pulse waveform characteristics, including phase duration and symmetry, further modulated the degree of crosstalk observed.
CONCLUSION: This model allows for comprehensive evaluation of scenarios that cannot be tested in humans due to ethical, practical, or technical limitations. As a result, it provides a valuable tool for exploring new combined simulation scenarios and may aid the development of newly designed implants.