International Pain and Spine Intervention Society Emergency Protocols: Oversedation.

This protocol focuses on the prevention and management of oversedation associated with intravenous conscious sedation during interventional pain procedures. It reviews the pharmacology and risks of commonly used sedative agents, including benzodiazepines, opioids, and propofol. Management priorities include early recognition of respiratory depression, airway support, administration of reversal agents such as naloxone or flumazenil when indicated, continuous monitoring, and adherence to Basic Life Support/Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support protocols.