Adult Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in Southern Taiwan: epidemiologic trends and prognostic factors.

The clinical features of 22 adult patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, retrospectively collected over a 16-year period, were reviewed. Otopharyngeal infection, haematogenous spread and cranial neurosurgery continue to be the predominant routes of infection. Most patients acquired the infection in the community, and predisposing underlying conditions are common. The proportion of S. pneumoniae meningitis compared to all microorganisms causing meningitis in adults declined dramatically from 17% in the first 8 study years to 4% in the last 8 study years. However, all penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains were found in the second half of the study period, accounting for 25% of these episodes. The overall mortality rates for the first and second halves of the study period were 43% and 63%, respectively. Third-generation cephalosporins were the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of S. pneumoniae meningitis in this study, however, the emergence of resistant strains may create a therapeutic challenge in the future. To avoid treatment failure, early diagnosis, careful monitoring of the clinical course and the choice of appropriate antibiotics according to the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities, are necessary.