A High-Throughput Antiviral Assay Based on a Sindbis Virus-GFP for the Discovery of Inhibitors of Alphavirus Replication.

The re-emergence of alphaviruses (family Togaviridae), such as chikungunya virus, poses significant public health risks, with direct impact on quality of life and work productivity. There are no approved antiviral drugs for the treatment of infections with alphaviruses. Several alphaviruses are classified as risk group 3 agents which require handling in high-containment laboratories. To facilitate antiviral screening efforts against alphaviruses, we established a high-throughput antiviral screening assay using reporter Sindbis virus [SINV-GFP; expresses the green fluorescent protein] as a surrogate model for more pathogenic alphaviruses. The assay has strong reproducibility and was validated by reference small-molecule antivirals with various mechanisms of action. The use of high-content imaging as a readout, as demonstrated here, allows for high-throughput antiviral screening and provides a tool for early-stage antiviral discovery against emerging alphavirus threats at a lower biosafety level.