Literature review of the possible advantages of silicon liner socket use in trans-tibial prostheses.

The silicon liner socket has been used in the trans-tibial prosthesis since the 1980s. Silicon liner sockets are sleeves of silicon material that are rolled onto the stump and fix the prosthesis to it. The producers of the liners propagate many advantages in their use i.e. better suspension of the prosthesis, protection of the stump skin and improved cosmetic appearance. This review was performed to find objective documentation in the literature in support of the advantages in prosthetic fitting and use of silicon liners. A medline search was performed with the key words: "silicon liner socket, Icelandic Roll On Silicon Socket (ICEROSS), trans-tibial prosthesis, lower leg prosthesis and stump sockets". Six articles remained after application of the selection criteria. In two studies clinical examination was done while in the rest questionnaires were used to collect data. The indication for amputation varied from vascular insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and infection to trauma. Most studies mentioned improved prosthetic suspension compared to the conventional supracondylar fitting. Also the walking performance improved with less use of walking aids. There were reports of positive but also negative effects on the skin such as excessive perspiration and itching. Patients had a general preference in prosthetic appearance in favour of the prosthesis with a silicon liner. Further research is needed with the use of objective clinical parameters and a homogenous study group objectively to find advantages in the use of the silicon liner socket in the trans-tibial prosthesis.