Reversion by histamine H2-receptor antagonists of plasma membrane alterations in ethanol-induced gastritis.

Ethanol administration rapidly damages surface epithelial cells of rat stomach, leading to altered cellular plasma membranes. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2RA) have been shown to have preventive properties against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. Therefore, the possible reverting properties of H2RA (cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine) were tested in ethanol-induced gastritis. Subchronic ethanol administration elicited a histological profile of gastritis and alterations at the plasma membrane level (diminution of some phospholipids, increased cholesterol, and decreased activity of 5'-nucleotidase). H2RA administration to rats with gastritis promptly corrected the ethanol-induced mucosal damage. In addition, cytosolic enzyme activities (alcohol and lactate dehydrogenases) were also modified by gastritis and treatment with H2RA. In conclusion, our data suggest that H2RA improved restitution of the gastric mucosa contributing to the healing process of the gastric damage. The latter indicates reverting properties of H2RA on gastric damage, as well as their cytoprotective effect already described.