Microbiology of HIV associated bacteraemia and diarrhoea in adults from Nairobi, Kenya.

We undertook a retrospective descriptive comparison of the spectrum of pathogens responsible for bacteraemia and diarrhoea in HIV antibody positive and negative patients over 4 years (1988-92), in Nairobi, Kenya. The study population was recruited from primary to tertiary centres of clinical care and consisted of 2858 adults (15 years or older). There were 415 significant blood culture isolates, 192 from 1785 HIV negative patients and 223 from 953 HIV positive patients. There were 233 significant faecal isolates, 22 from 115 HIV negative patients and 211 from 531 HIV positive patients. The most common pathogens detected in blood were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium and in faeces Shigella flexneri, S. typhimurium and Cryptosporidium parvum. The agents causing illness in HIV positive patients in Nairobi are similar to those prevalent in the HIV negative community and the investigation of a febrile illness with or without diarrhoea in an HIV positive patient should reflect this.