[Sherstneva E. V. THE ALL-UNION RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PENICILLIN (1947-1952): THE EXTRACTED PAGE OF HISTORY. REPORT I: THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INSTITUTE].

The article presents, on the base of materials from state archives, restored for the first time the circumstances of establishment of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute on Penicillin and Other Antibiotics (actually the All-Russian Research Institute of Penicillin, VNIIP). The rationale for its organization on the basis of the Scientific Research Institute for Biological Prevention of Infections is given. The reasons for the dismissal of the former director are considered.