Clinicopathological Spectrum of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Treatment Outcomes in Kashmiri Population: A Prospective Study.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults is poor. The epidemiologic profile of patients varies substantially across geographic locales, as do the cytogenetic abnormalities and FAB subtype of AML. Kashmiris are a genetically conserved population. In this study, we are investigating clinical and laboratory factors and outcomes to establish treatment protocols.

METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective study with clinical profiles and laboratory parameters of 100 case records. The primary objectives were to know the demographic profile of AML, prevalence of various FAB subtypes, cytogenetic abnormalities, and induction outcomes at our centre.

RESULTS

Median age was 50 years. The most common FAB subtype observed was AML M2. Pallor was observed in all patients as a clinical sign, while splenomegaly was noted in 41%, hepatomegaly in 23%, lymphadenopathy in 7%, and extramedullary disease in 6%. The ELN risk stratification for patients who have received 3 + 7 demonstrated a significant influence on complete remission rates (P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS

Survival correlated significantly with risk stratification (P = 0.048), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score (P = 0.002), and age (P = 0.041). Median overall survival was 13.7 months, with 52% all-cause mortality.