Emotional, technical, and ethical experiences of nursing students performing oral hygiene for dependent older adults: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND

This study explores the perceptions of nursing students specializing in geriatrics when performing toothbrushing for dependent older adults. It aims to highlight the emotional and technical responses associated with this care activity, which is often underestimated in clinical practice, and to emphasize its importance for the overall health and quality of life of older people.

METHODS

A descriptive qualitative design was adopted. Thirty-four nursing students participated in a pedagogical exercise integrated into the geriatrics module. After performing toothbrushing on an older adult, each student produced a free reflective written account. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach [1], following a systematic process of independent double coding, triangulation, and consensus-based validation supported by qualitative research standards [2-5].

RESULTS

Five main themes emerged: initial discomfort and disgust, progressive adaptation, neutral or professional perception, emotional engagement and empathy, and technical difficulties. The findings indicate that toothbrushing is perceived as a multidimensional care activity involving sensory, emotional, technical, and relational dimensions.

CONCLUSIONS

Oral hygiene in dependent older adults is an essential but often underestimated component of care. Insufficient oral care may contribute to malnutrition, muscle weakness, chronic pain, halitosis, and local or systemic infections, thereby compromising health, dignity, and quality of life in older populations [6-10]. These findings align with World Health Organisation recommendations emphasizing strengthened oral health systems and universal coverage by 2030 [6].