Prognostic and clinical indicators of sepsis outcomes in hospitalized patients: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND

Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency that necessitates immediate attention and intervention. Without prompt treatment, it can lead to organ failure, tissue damage, and death. This study aimed to compare potential factors influencing sepsis outcomes between two groups: patients who survived and those who died.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, 189 patients admitted to the emergency department of Ganjavian Hospital in Dezful, Southwest Iran, with a primary diagnosis of sepsis between July 2023 and July 2024 were included. Clinical and laboratory data were collected for all patients. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Patients were categorized into two groups based on outcomes: those discharged and those who died.

RESULTS

The mean age of discharged patients was 63.37 ± 19.77 years, while deceased patients had a mean age of 72.33 ± 14.30 years (p < 0.05). Among patients with urinary tract infections, 23.75% expired. Mortality rates for bacteremia and lung infections were 47.06% and 43.75%, respectively. Only 10.0% of patients with positive DIC survived. Pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Acinetobacter baumannii were significantly associated with higher mortality (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.03-3.66, p = 0.04) and chronic lung disease (OR = 4.36, 95% CI: 1.02-18.95, p = 0.03) as significant predictors of mortality. Higher GCS scores and better oxygen saturation (Sato2) were associated with improved survival.

CONCLUSION

Age, level of consciousness, coagulopathy, respiratory rate, and pathogenic microorganisms are critical predictive factors in sepsis outcomes. However, a comprehensive evaluation incorporating multiple clinical and laboratory parameters is essential for accurately assessing and managing sepsis patients.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.