Nanomaterials for Removal and Speciation of Chromium.

The removal of chromium compounds, particularly its more toxic Cr(VI) form, from industrial wastewater is important as it causes serious environmental and health issues. Adsorption processes have attracted continuous interest for solving these problems due to the diverse range of various adsorbents. Nanomaterials are increasingly employed as novel sorbents as they have a large specific surface area and high chemical stability. Functionalization of their surface by covalent or noncovalent interactions with other components, grafting or doping with heteroatoms can enhance separation and removal efficiency. This paper aims to provide insights into the recent progress in the application of nanomaterials for chromium removal from aqueous solutions and speciation analysis of it.