Clostridium innocuum Bacteremia: Case Report and Systematic Review.

Clostridium innocuum is an anaerobic gram-positive spore-forming bacteria, a commensal member of the human gut microbiome. We encountered a case of bacteremia with this organism as a complication of a foot ulcer in a middle-aged patient with diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and malnutrition. A systematic review of the limited number of previously reported cases of C. innocuum bacteremia is presented, along with a brief narrative review the organism's association with other diseases, ranging from diarrhea and local infections to modulating inflammatory bowel disease and kidney disease.