Diagnostic and epidemiological landscape of anaerobic bacteria in Europe, 2020-2023 (ANAEuROBE).
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Boattini Matteo, Bianco Gabriele, Bastos Paulo, Mavromanolaki Viktoria Eirini, Maraki Sofia, Spiliopoulou Anastasia, Kakouris Vasileios, Kalchev Yordan, Budimir Ana, Bedenić Branka, Rubic Zana, Licker Monica, Musuroi Corina, Juhász Emese, Kristóf Katalin, Pirs Mateja, Velimirovic Ivana, Berktold Michael, Liptáková Adriána, Krajcikova Adriana, Drevinek Pavel, Gryndlerova Anezka, Brzychczy-Wloch Monika, Olechowska-Jarząb Aldona, Bielec Filip, Brauncajs Małgorzata, Podsiadly Edyta, Nurzyńska Grażyna, Zalas-Więcek Patrycja, Riesbeck Kristian, Andersson Hanna-Sofia, Tønjum Tone, Berild Johan Christian, Leegaard Truls Michael, Rasmussen Asger Nellemann, Schønning Kristian, Glöckner Stefan, Rödel Jürgen, Badr Mohamed Tarek, Häcker Georg Alexander, Stark Denise, Hamprecht Axel, Dudakova Anna, Jantsch Jonathan, Mancini Stefano, Quiblier Chantal, Jacot Damien, Greub Gilbert, Ferniani Tiziano, Ambretti Simone, Calvo Maddalena, Stefani Stefania, Schade Rogier, Yusuf Erlangga, Koeveringe Stefanie van Kleef-van, Vandamme Sarah, Verroken Alexia, Rodriguez-Villalobos Hector, Duigou François, Corvec Stéphane, Floch Pauline, Massip Clémence, Chainier Delphine, Barraud Olivier, Louissaint Marie-Bossuète, Mizrahi Assaf, Ali Saied, Doyle Maeve, Egan Clarice, McNicholas Sinead, Colomina-Rodriguez Javier, Torres Ignacio, Luengo Raul Gilarranz, Escartín Maria Nieves Larrosa, Perez Maria Belen Viñado, Halperin Ana Verónica, García Sergio Fuente, Cantón Rafael, Seruca Miguel, Mendes Vasco Santos, Carvalho Dinah, Cavallo Rossana, Cristino José Melo, Costa Cristina
Аннотация
METHODS: We conducted a multicentre retrospective observational study analysing all anaerobic strains isolated from blood cultures in 44 European Hospital Centres over a 4-y period (2020-2023). Diagnostic approach, epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility according to EUCAST v. 15.0 were investigated.
RESULTS: Our study included 14,527 anaerobes, most of which were Gram-positive (45%) or Gram-negative (40%) bacilli. MALDI-TOF coupled to mass spectrometry was the most widely used tool for species identification (98%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in the vast majority of centres, using mostly gradient diffusion strip (77%) and disk diffusion (45%) methods according to EUCAST guidelines. The most prevalent species were Cutibacterium acnes (18.7%), Bacteroides fragilis (16.3%), Clostridium perfringens (5.3%), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (4.2%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (3.5%), and Parvimonas micra (3.4%). C. acnes showed high resistance to benzylpenicillin (18%), clindamycin (39%), and imipenem (19% and 13% by MIC methods and disk diffusion, respectively). B. fragilis showed high resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate (24%), piperacillin/tazobactam (22% and 14% by MIC methods and disk diffusion, respectively), clindamycin (22% by both MIC methods and disk diffusion), meropenem (13%), and metronidazole (10%, only by disk diffusion). A similar resistance pattern was observed in B. thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ovatus, and Parabacteroides distasonis. C. perfringens showed high resistance to clindamycin (69% and 45% by MIC methods and disk diffusion, respectively), while benzylpenicillin and metronidazole maintained over 90% activity. F. nucleatum showed high resistance to benzylpenicillin (11%), while Fusobacterium necrophorum showed alarming rates of resistance to clindamycin (12%), meropenem (16%) and metronidazole (11%).
CONCLUSIONS: This study presented an up-to-date analysis of the diagnostics and epidemiology of anaerobic bacteria in Europe, providing insights for future comparative analyses and the development of antimicrobial diagnostic and management strategies, as well as the optimization of current antibiotic treatments.