First case report of bacteremia caused by Bilophila wadsworthia in China, and literature review.

Bilophila wadsworthia is rarely found in the bloodstream. We report the first case of bloodstream infection caused by B. wadsworthia in a diabetic foot patient in China. B. wadsworthia is a normal component of the human intestinal microbiota, and a history of diarrhea may contribute to its translocation into the bloodstream. Due to the slow growth of B. wadsworthia, prolonged incubation was essential for its detection. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) enabled rapid identification of the pathogen. Early initiation of Piperacillin/Tazobactam therapy resulted in a favorable clinical outcome.