Longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and exposure to intimate partner sexual violence in men: findings from a nationally representative sample.

BACKGROUND

Research on sexual violence exposure in men has primarily focused on child sexual abuse, with considerably less attention paid to adult experiences, including sexual violence occurring within intimate relationships. This study examines associations between men's exposure to intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) and depressive symptoms.

METHOD: Data were drawn from Ten to Men, Australia's largest longitudinal study of men's health (n = 16,021 at wave one). Data were collected across four waves between 2013-14 and 2022. Men aged ≥18 years at wave one completed the IPSV item and were included in the analysis (n = 13,328). The study examined whether exposure to IPSV was associated with moderate-to-severe depressive (PHQ-9) symptoms across waves. Population-averaged associations were estimated using logistic regression with generalised estimating equations. Potential moderators were assessed, including demographic characteristics, substance misuse, social support, help-seeking, and sexual functioning.

RESULTS

The prevalence of reported IPSV was 2.5% (n = 337). Men exposed to IPSV had 68% higher odds of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms across the study period, relative to unexposed men (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.35- 2.09, p<. 001). No assessed moderators reached significance, suggesting the association between IPSV and depressive symptoms was consistent across demographic and psychosocial profiles.

IMPLICATIONS: These findings highlight the importance of recognising IPSV as a significant mental health concern among men, who may represent an under-identified group in clinical settings. Findings emphasise a need for greater investment in research and services targeting violence-exposed men, ensuring accessible, gender- and trauma-informed care.