Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Acute Management of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter.

This review outlines the pharmacologic strategies for acute management of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, with a focus on rate and rhythm control. It details the efficacy, indications, and safety profiles of commonly used agents, including beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone, ibutilide, dofetilide, and flecainide. The article highlights patient-specific considerations, emerging therapies, and the need for safer, faster acting drugs as atrial fibrillation prevalence rises. Both traditional and novel approaches are discussed to guide evidence-based clinical decision-making in acute settings.