Proximal neuropathies of the upper extremity.

This article provides a comprehensive review of the diagnosis and management of mononeuropathies of the long thoracic, suprascapular, axillary, and musculocutaneous nerves. Although these nerves are frequently injured in conjunction with other portions of the brachial plexus, this discussion focuses on isolated injury to each of these nerves. The anatomy, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, findings on electrodiagnostic evaluation, origin, management, and prognosis of each mononeuropathy is discussed.