Animal models of lung cancer: Phenotypic comparison of different animal models of lung cancer and their application in the study of mechanisms.

Lung cancer has one of the highest rates of incidence and mortality worldwide, making research on its mechanisms and treatments crucial. Animal models are essential in lung cancer research as they accurately replicate the biological characteristics and treatment outcomes seen in human diseases. Currently, various lung cancer models have been established, including chemical induction models, orthotopic transplantation models, ectopic transplantation models, metastasis models, and gene editing mouse models. Additionally, lung cancer grafts can be categorized into two types: tissue-based and cell-based grafts. This paper summarizes the phenotypes, advantages, and disadvantages of various induction methods based on their modeling techniques. The goal is to enhance the simulation of clinical lung cancer characteristics and to establish a solid foundation for future clinical research.