Mechanistic Insights Into House Dust Mites Immunotherapy-Induced Desensitization for Sustained Protection of Allergic Rhinitis in Mice.

The worldwide prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is substantial and is considered a global health problem. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only approach that treats the underlying cause of allergy by inducing a desensitization response to the allergen. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness and the possible desensitization mechanisms of house dust mite (HDM) allergen extract-based IT against mice models of AR. The experimental mice were divided into six groups: normal group, normal group with HDM challenge, AR group, and three AR groups that received HDM-IT at low, moderate, and high doses. The effectiveness of HDM-IT was evaluated based on nose-rubbing and sneezing behavior, IL-4 mRNA expression, eosinophil infiltration into nasal mucosal tissue, serum IgE levels, serum IgG2a levels, and serum IgE/IgG2a ratio. This study discovered that the administration of HDM-IT reduced nose-rubbing and sneezing behavior, decreased IL-4 mRNA expression and eosinophil infiltration into nasal mucosal tissue, decreased serum IgE levels, increased serum IgG2a levels, and decreased serum IgE/IgG2a ratio in AR mice. Thus, HDM-IT effectively promotes a desensitization response to HDM allergens in mouse models of AR.