Lead exposure is associated with increased lead bioaccumulation and a decline in semen quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Adisa Victoria Ifeoluwa, Ashonibare Precious Jesutofunmi, Adegbola Cecilia Adedeji, Akhigbe Tunmise Maryanne, Kolawole Oluwakemi Rebecca, Omole Isaac Ayomide, Fidelis Fabrael Batale, Adeogun Adetomiwa Ezekiel, Oluwole Rebecca Promise, Akorede Bolaji Aderibigbe, Ogunkola Babatunde David, Adekunle Adebayo Oluwafemi, Hassan Suliat Adenike, Mansur Sulaiman Shuaibu, Ajeigbe Sulaimon Bayonle, Oyedokun Precious Adeoye, Ashonibare Victory Jesutoyosi, Adelowo Olayinka Emmanuel, Oyesetan Racheal Ibukun, Oladipo Ayoola Abimbola, Akhigbe Roland Eghoghosoa
Аннотация
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted from March 18th to April 30th, 2024, utilizing Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, and applying the PECOS model to identify relevant studies.
RESULTS: A total of seventeen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results of our analysis indicated that blood lead levels were markedly elevated in men exposed to lead compared to control subjects (SMD -7.06 [95% CI: -9.03, -5.08], p<0.00001), with analogous results observed for semen lead levels (SMD -3.42 [95% CI: -5.22, -1.62], p=0.0002). Lead exposure was linked to significant decreases in ejaculate volume (SMD 0.81 [95% CI: 0.16, 1.45], p=0.02), sperm count (SMD 2.10 [95% CI: 1.11, 3.09], p<0.0001), sperm concentration (SMD 0.77 [95% CI: 0.09, 1.44], p=0.03), and total motility (SMD 2.20 [95% CI: 1.28, 3.11], p<0.00001), as well as an increase in abnormal sperm morphology (SMD -3.29 [95% CI: -4.87, -1.71], p<0.0001). While reductions in testosterone levels and elevations in semen malondialdehyde were noted, these changes did not reach statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that lead exposure is associated with reduced sperm quality. The present findings highlight the urgent need for strategies to reduce lead exposure and emphasize the importance of further research into potential mitigating interventions.