Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026
[Latent classes of employment status, social support, and environmental risk exposure and their associations with psychological adaptation among community-based drug rehabilitation participants].
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Ding Zhenming, Ye Xin, Li Yang, Chen Liangliang
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations of employment status, social support, and environmental risk exposure with life satisfaction and drug abstinence confidence among individuals undergoing community-based drug rehabilitation, and to identify distinct latent patterns of these factors to inform stratified and tailored rehabilitation services.
METHODS: Data from 4448 individuals undergoing community-based drug rehabilitation in Fujian Province, China, were analyzed. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data on the demographic characteristics, social support, employment status, environmental risk, and psychological adaptation indicators (life satisfaction and drug abstinence confidence) of the study participants. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to examine the associations of employment status, family support, non-relative social support, and environmental risk exposure with life satisfaction and drug abstinence confidence. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify the latent combination patterns of employment status, social support, and environmental risk exposure.
RESULTS: Family support was positively associated with both life satisfaction (β=0.675, P<0.01) and drug abstinence confidence (β=0.695, P<0.01). Employment status was positively associated with life satisfaction (β=0.116, P<0.01), whereas its independent association with drug abstinence confidence was not statistically significant (β=0.019, P > 0.05). Neither non-familial social support nor environmental risk exposure was independently associated with either outcome (all P > 0.05). LCA identified three latent classes: risk-adaptation (46.4%), exemplary rehabilitation (20.2%), and unemployment-vulnerable (33.3%). The risk-adaptation class was characterized by relatively high probabilities of employment, high family support, and non-familial social support, together with a relatively high probability of environmental risk exposure. The exemplary rehabilitation class showed relatively high probabilities of employment and high family support and a relatively low probability of environmental risk exposure. The unemployment-vulnerable class was characterized primarily by a relatively low probability of employment, while family support remained generally high. Significant differences were observed among the three classes in life satisfaction (F=114.52, P<0.01) and drug abstinence confidence (F=37.73, P<0.01). The unemployment-vulnerable class had lower scores on both outcomes than the risk-adaptation and exemplary rehabilitation classes (all P<0.01), whereas no significant differences were observed between risk-adaptation and exemplary rehabilitation classes (all P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneous patterns of employment status, social support, and environmental risk exposure were observed among individuals, which may inform stratified and tailored rehabilitation services based on latent class characteristics, with particular emphasis on family support and employment assistance.
METHODS: Data from 4448 individuals undergoing community-based drug rehabilitation in Fujian Province, China, were analyzed. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data on the demographic characteristics, social support, employment status, environmental risk, and psychological adaptation indicators (life satisfaction and drug abstinence confidence) of the study participants. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to examine the associations of employment status, family support, non-relative social support, and environmental risk exposure with life satisfaction and drug abstinence confidence. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify the latent combination patterns of employment status, social support, and environmental risk exposure.
RESULTS: Family support was positively associated with both life satisfaction (β=0.675, P<0.01) and drug abstinence confidence (β=0.695, P<0.01). Employment status was positively associated with life satisfaction (β=0.116, P<0.01), whereas its independent association with drug abstinence confidence was not statistically significant (β=0.019, P > 0.05). Neither non-familial social support nor environmental risk exposure was independently associated with either outcome (all P > 0.05). LCA identified three latent classes: risk-adaptation (46.4%), exemplary rehabilitation (20.2%), and unemployment-vulnerable (33.3%). The risk-adaptation class was characterized by relatively high probabilities of employment, high family support, and non-familial social support, together with a relatively high probability of environmental risk exposure. The exemplary rehabilitation class showed relatively high probabilities of employment and high family support and a relatively low probability of environmental risk exposure. The unemployment-vulnerable class was characterized primarily by a relatively low probability of employment, while family support remained generally high. Significant differences were observed among the three classes in life satisfaction (F=114.52, P<0.01) and drug abstinence confidence (F=37.73, P<0.01). The unemployment-vulnerable class had lower scores on both outcomes than the risk-adaptation and exemplary rehabilitation classes (all P<0.01), whereas no significant differences were observed between risk-adaptation and exemplary rehabilitation classes (all P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneous patterns of employment status, social support, and environmental risk exposure were observed among individuals, which may inform stratified and tailored rehabilitation services based on latent class characteristics, with particular emphasis on family support and employment assistance.