[Expert consensus on embolization and sclerotherapy with fibrin glue combined with pingyangmycin for oral and maxillofacial vascular malformations].

Venous malformations(VMs) are common vascular anomalies in the oral and maxillofacial region, which can cause facial deformities, craniomaxillofacial dysfunction and psychosocial stress in patients. Currently, the treatment of extensive, high-reflux venous malformations and high-flow arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) remains challenging. Fibrin glue combined with pingyangmycin or bleomycin embolosclerotherapy technology treats vascular malformations via the mechanism of immediate embolization, sustained drug release and synergistic fibrosis. Existing real-world research data have demonstrated its potential advantages in managing extensive, quick drainage venous malformations and certain arteriovenous malformations, indicating promising application prospects. The application of this technique has a history of over two decades; however, its promotion has been constrained due to the lack of standardized and guided application protocols. This consensus document elaborated on the background, basic research, and clinical studies related to fibrin glue combined with pingyangmycin embolosclerotherapy, and discusses its mechanism of action in eliminating vascular malformations. By integrating the latest research findings and clinical experiences in the field, as well as incorporating discussions and opinions from experts across multiple medical institutions in China, this consensus provides guidance on clinical applications including indications and contraindications, pre-treatment preparations, procedural standards, prevention and management of potential complications, and comprehensive implementation, so as to serve as a reference for clinical practice.