Developmental origin and clinical profile of siamese twins in a tertiary care setting.

Conjoined twins represent a rare outcome of incomplete monozygotic embryonic division and are associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is of interest to analyze 12 cases managed at a tertiary care center, focusing on developmental origin, clinical classification and perinatal outcomes. Thoracopagus was the most frequent type (41.7%) and prenatal diagnosis was achieved in 75% of cases, primarily through ultrasonography. Cesarean delivery was performed in most cases and neonatal survival was 41.7%, with successful surgical separation in two instances. Early diagnosis, precise anatomical delineation and multidisciplinary planning are critical for optimizing outcomes in these complex cases.