Surfactant delivery via thin catheters: Methods, limitations, and outcomes.

Various less invasive surfactant administration strategies like surfactant replacement therapy via thin catheters, laryngeal mask airway, pharyngeal instillation, and nebulized surfactant are increasingly being practiced to avoid the harmful effects of endotracheal intubation and ventilation. Numerous studies have been done to study surfactant replacement via thin catheters whereas little data is available for other methods. However, there are variations in premedication policies, type of respiratory support used in these studies. Surfactant delivery using thin catheters has been reported to be associated with decrease in the need for mechanical ventilation (MV), duration of MV, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neonatal mortality. With the current evidence, among all the available surfactant delivery methods, the one using thin catheters appears to be the most feasible and beneficial to improve clinical neonatal outcomes.