Phytochemical analysis and antihyperglycemic activity of Carissa grandiflora leaves extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a prevalent metabolic condition that impairs glucose metabolism, causes morbidity and hospitalization. Thus, there is need to establish novel therapeutics against DM. The current study examined the phytochemical analysis and antidiabetic effects of Carissa grandiflora leave extracts (CGLE) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM in mice. CGLE (n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol) was extracted and phytochemically examined for primary and secondary metabolites. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) detected functional groups, while 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test assessed antioxidant capacity. Later, antidiabetic potential of CGLE extract was investigated in vivo in STZ induced diabetic mice. Phytochemical investigation revealed sugars, ketones, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and glycosides. FTIR indicated phenol, aldehyde, ketone, alkene, alkyne, alcohol, benzene ring and amines, while DPPH assay demonstrated antioxidant potential of extract. Oral CGLE treatment significantly improved body weight (P<0.05), polyphagia and polydipsia (P<0.05) and FBG (P<0.001). Moreover, CGLE extract reversed histopathological alterations in the pancreas, liver, and kidney of diabetic mice. These outcomes highlighted that C. grandiflora extract could be effective therapeutic approach against DM.