Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026
Evaluation of adaptation based on biological variability and substantial changes (SCC) in young rhythmic gymnasts.
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Rashid Xamidovich Kadirov, Mehriddin Junaydulloyevich Abdullayev, Nodir Nuriddinovich Xusenov, Makhasti Zokir Kizi Djuraeva, Akbar Askarovich Rustamov, Feruzjon Ilxomovich Moʻminov
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: In rhythmic gymnastics, assessing physical fitness during the early specialization phase (ages 5-10 years) traditionally relies on chronological age and group averages. This approach frequently yields false-positive conclusions (Type I errors) due to ontogenetic asynchrony and pronounced biological variability. This study aims to transcend the limitations of traditional statistical models by establishing true motor adaptation thresholds in young gymnasts using the minimal detectable change (MDC) metric.
METHODOLOGY: The study included 33 female athletes in a foundational rhythmic gymnastics training group. Initially, anthropometric screening was utilized to quantify discrepancies between chronological and biological age. The reliability of both physical and postural tests was evaluated using Classical Test Theory (CTT) metrics, employing a test-retest design with a 7-day interval. To account for functional body asymmetry, data were analyzed based on dominant and non-dominant sides rather than anatomical left or right distinctions, calculating the standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC.
RESULTS: Anthropometric analysis confirmed the presence of significant somatic asynchrony-with 24% of the cohort exhibiting accelerated maturation and 12% showing delayed maturation (retardation)-leading to stochastic variance in baseline performance parameters. Passive flexibility tests demonstrated high measurement stability (ICC = 0.90). In static balance assessments, reliability differed significantly due to neural lability; the dominant leg (ICC = 0.78, MDC = 18.0 s) showed markedly higher stability compared to the non-dominant leg (ICC = 0.65, MDC = 21.8 s). Furthermore, the MDC threshold for explosive power in the standing long jump was established at 11.9 cm.
CONCLUSION: Relying solely on chronological age and traditional significance testing (p-values) risks misinterpreting random developmental variance as a training effect in youth sports. Implementing individualized MDC thresholds, appropriately adjusted for neuromotor asymmetry, provides coaches with a highly reliable tool to objectively assess true training adaptations and prevent excessive physical strain.
METHODOLOGY: The study included 33 female athletes in a foundational rhythmic gymnastics training group. Initially, anthropometric screening was utilized to quantify discrepancies between chronological and biological age. The reliability of both physical and postural tests was evaluated using Classical Test Theory (CTT) metrics, employing a test-retest design with a 7-day interval. To account for functional body asymmetry, data were analyzed based on dominant and non-dominant sides rather than anatomical left or right distinctions, calculating the standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC.
RESULTS: Anthropometric analysis confirmed the presence of significant somatic asynchrony-with 24% of the cohort exhibiting accelerated maturation and 12% showing delayed maturation (retardation)-leading to stochastic variance in baseline performance parameters. Passive flexibility tests demonstrated high measurement stability (ICC = 0.90). In static balance assessments, reliability differed significantly due to neural lability; the dominant leg (ICC = 0.78, MDC = 18.0 s) showed markedly higher stability compared to the non-dominant leg (ICC = 0.65, MDC = 21.8 s). Furthermore, the MDC threshold for explosive power in the standing long jump was established at 11.9 cm.
CONCLUSION: Relying solely on chronological age and traditional significance testing (p-values) risks misinterpreting random developmental variance as a training effect in youth sports. Implementing individualized MDC thresholds, appropriately adjusted for neuromotor asymmetry, provides coaches with a highly reliable tool to objectively assess true training adaptations and prevent excessive physical strain.